Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)is one of the world's most economically important fiber crops. In order to identify different varieties, and investigate its diversity and genetic relationships, twenty-three kenaf accessions and two accessions of its relative, roselle (H. sabdariffa var. altissima), were analyzed by morphological characterization and AFLP fingerprinting. It is very difficult to identify kenaf accessions based merely on morphological characters, due to their limited variation. For the AFLP study, a total of 505 polymorphic markers (out of 560)were produced by six selected AFLP primer combinations. The AFLP fingerprinting was effective in identifying all kenaf accessions included in the study. Kenaf and roselle are independent species with close relationships, and great genetic diversity was also detected among the kenaf accessions with different origins, based on the analysis of the AFLP markers. The AFLP analysis strongly supports the opinion that kenaf originated in Africa. It also demonstrated that the dissemination of kenaf was from Africa through Asia to Central and North America.