Solar Dynamics -- Active Region Dynamics -- Sunspot Structure and Dynamics -- Coronal Dynamics and the AIA on SDO -- Wind in the Solar Corona: Dynamics and Composition -- Solar Wind Chain -- Solar Wind Sources and Their Variations over the Solar Cycle -- Heliospheric Physics: Linking the Sun to the Magnetosphere -- Substorms and Their Solar Wind Causes -- Modeling of the Magnetospheric Response to the Dynamic Solar Wind -- Review of Ionospheric Effects of Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling in the Context of the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Boundary Model -- CME Chain -- The Evolving Sigmoid: Evidence for Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Corona Before, During, and after CMES -- Properties of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections -- Geoeffectivity of Coronal Mass Ejections -- Ring Current Dynamics -- Plasmasphere Response: Tutorial and Review of Recent Imaging Results -- End-to-End Modeling of the Solar Terrestrial System -- SEP Chain -- Particle Acceleration by the Sun: Electrons, Hard X-Rays/Gamma-Rays -- Particle Acceleration in a Three-Dimensional Model of Reconnecting Coronal Magnetic Fields -- The Seed Population for Energetic Particles Accelerated By CME-Driven Shocks -- Acceleration of Solar-Energetic Particles by Shocks -- Solar Energetic Particle Charge States: An Overview -- Solar Energetic Particle Composition, Energy Spectra, and Space Weather -- Commonalities -- Commonalities Between Ionosphere and Chromosphere -- Shocks: Commonalities in Solar-Terrestrial Chains -- Theory and Simulation of Reconnection -- The Localization of Particle Acceleration Sites in Solar Flares and CMEs.

The SOHO and Cluster missions form a single ESA cornerstone. Yet they observe very different regions in our solar system: the solar atmosphere on one hand and the Earth's magnetosphere on the other. At the same time the Ulysses mission provides observations in the third dimension of the heliosphere, and many others add to the picture from the Lagrangian point L1 to the edge of the heliosphere. It is the aim of this ISSI volume to tie these observations together in addressing the topic of Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth, thus contributing to the International Living With a Star (ILWS) program. The volume starts out with an assessment and description of the reasons for solar dynamics and how it couples into the heliosphere. The three subsequent sections are each devoted to following one chain of events from the Sun all the way to the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere: The normal solar wind chain, the chain associated with coronal mass ejections, and the solar energetic particles chain. The final section is devoted to common physical processes occurring both at the Sun and in the magnetosphere such as reconnection, shock acceleration, dipolarisation of magnetic field, and others.